The free aggregate bonus calculator above, powered by Beyond, is designed to help employers estimate withholding in just a few steps. Simply enter the employee’s bonus amount, regular wages, and filing details to get an estimate of federal withholding, Maryland state withholding, local withholding, and payroll taxes on the bonus portion. Maryland withholding estimates should reflect the employee’s local jurisdiction because local tax rates differ across counties and Baltimore City.
Below, you can learn more about what an aggregate bonus is, how the aggregate method works, and how it compares with the flat bonus method.
What Is an Aggregate Bonus?
An aggregate bonus is a bonus payment that is combined with an employee’s regular wages for payroll tax withholding purposes. Instead of taxing the bonus on its own, the employer adds it to the employee’s regular paycheck and calculates withholding based on the combined amount. This approach can affect both federal withholding and Maryland withholding because both are based on the total taxable wages processed for that payroll period.
What Is the Aggregate Method?
The aggregate method is used when supplemental wages, such as bonuses, are paid together with regular wages in the same paycheck. Under this approach, withholding is calculated on the total combined pay for the payroll period. Federal guidance specifically allows employers to aggregate the bonus with regular wages and compute withholding as though the entire amount were a single payment. Maryland’s withholding guidance follows that same overall approach, with bonus-specific calculations handled through the state’s percentage method framework.
To determine how much tax is attributable to the bonus, employers generally:
1 – Add the bonus to the employee’s regular wages.
2 – Calculate withholding on the combined amount.
3 – Calculate withholding on the regular wages alone.
4 – Subtract the regular-wage withholding from the combined withholding.
The difference represents the withholding attributable to the bonus portion.
How Are Withholdings Calculated?
To calculate withholding under the aggregate method, you treat the employee’s regular wages and bonus as one payment. You first determine the withholding on the combined total using the applicable tax tables or percentage method. Then, you determine the withholding on the employee’s regular wages alone. The difference between those two amounts is the amount withheld for the bonus. For Maryland payroll, employers should apply the current Maryland withholding guidance, including the employee’s applicable local jurisdiction, because the total withholding amount is based on both state and local tax.
In addition to federal income tax, bonus payments may also be subject to Social Security and Medicare taxes. For 2026, the Social Security tax rate is 6.2% and the wage base is $184,500; Medicare remains 1.45%, with Additional Medicare rules applying above the usual federal thresholds. Because Maryland imposes state and local income tax on wages, Maryland withholding may also apply to bonus payments.
Aggregate vs. Flat Bonus Method
The aggregate method and the flat method are both used to withhold taxes on supplemental wages, but they work differently.
With the aggregate method, the bonus is combined with regular wages, which may increase the employee’s total taxable wages for that pay period.
With the flat method, the bonus is usually paid separately and taxed at a flat federal withholding rate of 22%. If supplemental wages exceed $1 million, different federal rules may apply to the amount above that threshold, including mandatory withholding at 37% on the excess. For Maryland state purposes, employers should use the Maryland percentage method tables for annual bonuses and other lump-sum payments, while also accounting for the correct local tax rate.
Example of the Aggregate Method
Imagine your sales director, Jack, exceeds your July sales goals and earns a $4,000 bonus in August. His regular monthly salary is $6,000, and you choose to include the bonus in his regular paycheck rather than issue it separately.
That means Jack’s August gross pay becomes $10,000. Because the bonus is combined with his wages, withholding is calculated based on the full $10,000 payment. To determine the tax impact of the bonus, you compare the withholding on $10,000 with the withholding on Jack’s usual $6,000 paycheck. In Maryland, that comparison may affect federal withholding, Maryland state withholding, and the applicable local withholding rate.
Example of the Flat Method
If you instead choose to pay Jack’s $4,000 bonus separately, the payment would generally be subject to the federal flat supplemental withholding rules. His regular wages would still be paid as usual and taxed under the normal withholding rules for his paycheck.
This method is often simpler, but whether it is allowed or appropriate depends on how the payment is structured. Under current federal guidance, the flat federal withholding rate on supplemental wages remains 22%, with special rules applying when supplemental wages paid to the employee during the calendar year exceed $1 million. For Maryland withholding, employers should look to the state’s percentage method guidance for annual bonuses and apply the correct local jurisdiction rate as part of the calculation.
Why Use a Bonus Calculator?
Both aggregate and flat bonus withholding methods involve extra calculations, especially when federal payroll taxes and state withholding are involved. Using a payroll bonus calculator can help employers estimate withholdings more quickly and reduce the chance of errors.
The Beyond aggregate bonus calculator is designed to give employers a practical estimate they can use as a starting point when processing payroll in Maryland, including federal withholding, FICA taxes, Medicare taxes, and Maryland state and local income tax withholding.
Important Disclaimer
This calculator is provided for informational and estimation purposes only and should not be relied upon as tax, legal, or accounting advice. Actual withholding amounts may vary based on employee elections, payroll setup, local jurisdiction, use of the Maryland percentage method tables, and the way the bonus is processed. If you need help reviewing your payroll calculations or setting up the right process, the Beyond team is here to help.
